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self-test streams

Streams - self-check multiple choice quiz
Click the answer button to see the answer.

1. According to notes provided,the "load" carried by a stream or river consists of:
   a. rock particles only
   b. dissolved ions only
   c. suspended particles only
   d. particles moving by saltation only
   e. all of the above
   Answer e.
2. What conditions are required for a meandering channel to form?
   a. a fault or joint system
   b. low gradient, easily eroded banks
   c. high gradient, deep water
   d. high gradient, shallow water
   e. low velocity, high sediment load
   Answer b.
3. The difference between a delta and an alluvial fan is...
   a. an alluvial fan is formed as a stream begins to cut into its floodplain
   b. a delta forms in mountainous areas, alluvial fans on flat land
   c. an alluvial fan forms while entering water, a delta forms in air
   d. a delta forms while entering water, an alluvial fan forms in air
   e. a delta is fromed with a levee
   Answer d.
4. Each of these statments about mass-wasting and the role of water is true except statement...
   a. when dry it decreases the angle of repose
   b. when slightly wet it increases the angle of repose
   c. it is not directly involved as a transporting medium
   d. when very wet it greatlydecreases the angle of repose
   e. it is directly involved as a transporting medium
   Answer c
5. What am I? I leave arcuate scars or depression when rocks rotate downward. I am often caused by excessive rainfall.
   a. slump
   b. debris fall
   c. rock fall
   d. debris slide
   e. slurry flow
   Answer a
6. Which of thew following is least likely to trigger a mass wasting event::
   a. traffic
   b. continuous creep
   c. earthquakes
   d. wind
   e. slope modification by humans
   Answer d.
7. Choose the best definition of a landslide.
   a. a rapid downslope movement of rock or soil as a more or less coherent mass
   b. a rapid downslope movement of rock or soil as continuous flow
   c. movement along a slippage plane that is clearly defined
   d. a large shifting of rock
   e. a rock fall followed by a slump
   Answer a
8. Pore water pressure, measuring the pressure between pore spaces is important in landslide prediction because it is an indicator of:
   a. shear strength decreasing and weight increasing
   b. shear strength increasing and weight increasing
   c. shear strength decreasing and weight decreasing
   d. shear strength increasing and weight decreasing
   e. none of the above
   Answer a
9. Soil creep is often only detected by:
   a. fenceposts shifted out of alignment
   b. telephone poles tipping downslope
   c. grass covered slopes seem to ooze downhill forming little bulges in the soil
   d. a and b only
   e. a, b and c
   Answer e.
10. Which of the following is true about debris flows...
    a. are one of the most dangerous mass wasting events
    b. are never very big
    c. only take place after desert storms
    d. particles are clearly layered by size
    e. move only centimeters per year
    Answer a.
11. Which one of the following devices is not used to control debris flows
    a. catch basins
    b. overflow ducts
    c. debris chutes
    d. steel net barriers
    e. retaining walls
    Answer e.
12. A lahar is
    a. mainly made of the smallest mud and rock particles
    b. mainly made of the smallest mud and larger rock particles
    c. mainly made of the smallest mud and silt particles
    d. mainly made of the rock and silt particles
    e. mainly made of the smallest sand and silt particles
    Answer a
13. In a stream laminar flow is a situation
    a. in which all water molecules travel along separtate paths
    b. in which individual particles take irregular paths
    c. in which sediment may be kept in suspension longer
    d. in which all water molecules travel along similar parallel paths
    e. linear velocity is generally less than in turbulent flow
    Answer d.
14. The discharge of a stream
    a. is the crossectional area of a given stream
    b. is amount of water passing any point in a given time
    c. is the average volume of water flow per year
    d. is a measure of pollution levels
    e. is a measure of the annual rainfall in the drainage
    Answer b.
15. Dissolved load
    a. isa measure of the volume of gases dissolved stream water
    b. is a measureof dissolved solids in stream water
    c. consists mostly of bicarbonate ions
    d. a and b
    e. b and c
    Answer e.
16. Braided channels are highly characteristic of streams with
    a. highly variable sediment load and easily eroded banks
    b. highly variable discharge and easily flooded banks
    c. highly variable discharge and easily eroded banks
    d. constant flow and low erosion on banks
    e. constant flow and easily eroded banks
    Answer c
17. Drainage order
    a. goes up as you upstream
    b. goes up as you go downstream
    c. goes down as you go downstream
    d. goes down for each tributary
    e. goes up for each tributary
    Answer b
18. On a slope, the force of gravity can be resolved into two components
    a. perpendicular and tangental components
    b. rotational and sloping components
    c. up-down and side to side components
    d. radial and tangental components
    e. sloping and tangental
    Answer a
19. Down slope movement is favoured by:
    a. decreasing the shear stress
    b. raising the cohesion
    c. increasing the shear stress
    d. raising the frictional resistance
    e. a and d only
    Answer c
20. The greatest threat to humankind from erosion is probably
    a. floods
    b. landslides
    c. loss of soil from agricultural land
    d. slumps
    e. debris flows
    Answer c.

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Self-Study Quizzes for ESL Students is at http://www.aitech.ac.jp/~iteslj/quizzes/